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Depressive symptoms of Alzheimer caregivers are mainly due to personal rather than patient factors
Author(s) -
Zanetti Orazio,
Frisoni Giovanni B.,
Bianchetti Angelo,
Tamanza Giancarlo,
Cigoli Vittorio,
Trabucchi Marco
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
international journal of geriatric psychiatry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.28
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1166
pISSN - 0885-6230
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(199806)13:6<358::aid-gps772>3.0.co;2-j
Subject(s) - marital status , stressor , spouse , psychology , mental health , social support , competence (human resources) , clinical psychology , socioeconomic status , activities of daily living , disease , gerontology , medicine , psychiatry , population , social psychology , environmental health , sociology , anthropology , psychotherapist , pathology
Objectives . To investigate the predictors of caregiver's depressive symptoms in a sample of community‐dwelling Alzheimer's patients. Design . A cross‐sectional study was conducted in an Alzheimer's unit specifically devoted to the care of demented patients in Brescia Province (Italy). One hundred and three dyads were consecutively recruited between July 1994 and July 1995. Caregivers were sons/daughters (65%) or husbands/wives; mean age was 54·6±13·2. Alzheimer's patients Mini Mental State Examination score was 11·3±8·3; patients were equally distributed among disease severity levels. The following variables have been collected: (a) background and context variables (caregiver's age, gender, marital status, education, relationship and cohabitation with the patient, employment status, satisfaction with household income); (b) caregiver's personal resources (health, social relationships and social interactions, formal supports use, and self‐rated adequacy of performance as caregivers); (c) objective burden indicators (number of daily hours for assistance and vigilance); (d) primary stressors (patient's age and gender, cognitive status, functional status, frequency of behavioural disturbances). Caregiver's depressive symptoms represented the main outcome measure. Results . Being husband or wife, low self‐rated health and caregiving competence, high numbers of hours for assistance and patient's behavioural disturbances and younger age were associated with caregiver's depressive symptoms. With multivariate analysis only relationship to the patient, caregiver's health and competence were independent predictors of caregiver's depressive symptoms. Conclusion . Factors related to the caregiver—relationship, health and competence—rather than to the patient constitute the main risk factors for caregiver's depressive symptomatology. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.