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Differences in gravity‐dominated unsaturated flow during autumn rains and snowmelt
Author(s) -
French H. K.,
van Der Zee S. E. A. T. M.,
Leijnse A.
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
hydrological processes
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.222
H-Index - 161
eISSN - 1099-1085
pISSN - 0885-6087
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(19991215)13:17<2783::aid-hyp899>3.0.co;2-9
Subject(s) - snowmelt , lysimeter , infiltration (hvac) , hydrology (agriculture) , geology , environmental science , soil water , vadose zone , soil science , spatial variability , tracer , snow , geomorphology , geotechnical engineering , meteorology , mathematics , geography , statistics , physics , nuclear physics
Five tracer experiments have been performed in a coarse‐textured soil near the new main airport at Gardermoen, Norway. In two lysimeter walls, 30 and 40 measuring points form the basis for spatial moment calculations. Although experiments were performed under different meteorological conditions (autumn and snowmelt) and at two different sites, the ratios of centres of vertical mass over cumulative infiltration were of the same order of magnitude, indicating a gravity‐dominated flow. Two‐dimensional transport simulations with SUTRA (Voss, 1984), with a priori estimated input parameters and random fields of soil hydraulic properties revealed a relatively good agreement with the experimental results. Three possible sources of heterogeneity affecting the vertical displacement of solute during snowmelt were identified: variability of soil physical properties, soil surface elevations and variability of ground frost during the melting period. To obtain accurate predictions, soil heterogeneity was the most important factor to characterize for the coarse‐textured soil under consideration. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.