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MODELLING EMISSION FACTORS OF ROAD TRAFFIC FROM A TUNNEL STUDY
Author(s) -
STAEHELIN JOHANNES,
KELLER CHRISTIAN,
STAHEL WERNER A.,
SCHLÄPFER KURT,
STEINEMANN URS,
BÜRGIN TONI,
SCHNEIDER STEFAN
Publication year - 1997
Publication title -
environmetrics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.68
H-Index - 58
eISSN - 1099-095X
pISSN - 1180-4009
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1099-095x(199705)8:3<219::aid-env254>3.0.co;2-m
Subject(s) - gasoline , environmental science , diesel fuel , nox , road traffic , meteorology , pollutant , regression analysis , air pollutants , exhaust gas , atmospheric sciences , air pollution , statistics , automotive engineering , transport engineering , mathematics , engineering , geography , chemistry , waste management , physics , combustion , organic chemistry
Road emissions are one of the most important sources of primary air pollutants in the industrialized world. Here we describe the emission factors of road traffic derived from measurements in the Gubrist tunnel (near Zürich, Switzerland). The measurements performed from 20 to 26 September 1993, included a large variety of compounds and detailed traffic information. Multiple regression models have been used to calculate the emission factors of NO x , CO, total hydrocarbon (t‐HC) and 26 individual hydrocarbons. Three types of vehicle classifications (light duty and heavy duty vehicles, gasoline and diesel powered vehicles and a refined version of the latter classification) and two approaches for modelling the influence of average vehicle speed (approximately 80 to 100 km/h) lead to five different statistical models. A further model was developed for the description of the dependence of the relative composition of organic exhaust gases on average vehicle speed. This dependence was found to be weak but statistically significant for several compounds. This paper describes why and how refinements of simpler models were developed. If calculated emission factors are to be compared with results of other studies, several models may be needed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.