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Gliogenesis in the central nervous system
Author(s) -
Lee J.C.,
MayerProschel M.,
Rao M.S.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
glia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.954
H-Index - 164
eISSN - 1098-1136
pISSN - 0894-1491
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(200004)30:2<105::aid-glia1>3.0.co;2-h
Subject(s) - gliogenesis , neuroepithelial cell , biology , neural stem cell , astrocyte , neuroscience , multipotent stem cell , stem cell , neuroglia , oligodendrocyte , neurosphere , embryonic stem cell , central nervous system , microbiology and biotechnology , adult stem cell , progenitor cell , myelin , biochemistry , gene
Multipotential neuroepithelial stem cells are thought to give rise to all the differentiated cells of the central nervous system (CNS). The developmental potential of these multipotent stem cells becomes more restricted as they differentiate into progressively more committed cells and ultimately into mature neurons and glia. In studying gliogenesis, the optic nerve and spinal cord have become invaluable models and the progressive stages of differentiation are being clarified. Multiple classes of glial precursors termed glial restricted precursors (GRP), oligospheres, oligodendrocyte‐type2 astrocyte (O‐2A) and astrocyte precursor cells (APC) have been identified. Similar classes of precursor cells can be isolated from human neural stem cell cultures and from embryonic stem (ES) cell cultures providing a non‐fetal source of such cells. In this review, we discuss gliogenesis, glial stem cells, putative relationships of these cells to each other, factors implicated in gliogenesis, and therapeutic applications of glial precursors. GLIA 30:105–121, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.