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Assessing explanatory style in teenagers: Adolescent norms for the MMPI Optimism‐Pessimism scale
Author(s) -
Malinchoc Michael,
Colligan Robert C.,
Offord Kenneth P.
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
journal of clinical psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.124
H-Index - 119
eISSN - 1097-4679
pISSN - 0021-9762
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(199605)52:3<285::aid-jclp5>3.0.co;2-r
Subject(s) - minnesota multiphasic personality inventory , psychology , pessimism , optimism , personality , normative , scale (ratio) , big five personality traits , style (visual arts) , developmental psychology , personality test , clinical psychology , social psychology , psychometrics , explanatory model , test validity , statistics , philosophy , physics , mathematics , archaeology , epistemology , quantum mechanics , history
This article reports adolescent norms for the Optimism‐Pessimism (PSM) scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ( MMPI ). The PSM scale measures explanatory style on a continuum from optimistic to pessimistic by using 298 MMPI items. It is based on Seligman's theory of explanatory style and was constructed by applying the Content Analysis of Verbatim Explanations (CAVE) technique to the MMPI item pool. The normative equations are based on a random sample of 624 normal boys and 691 normal girls ages 13 through 17 years. Reliability estimates of .94 demonstrate that the PSM scale can accurately assess explanatory style in adolescents. These norms may identify a personality factor associated with poorer physical and mental health and lower levels of achievement. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.