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Preparation of defect‐free asymmetric membranes for gas separations
Author(s) -
Kurdi J.,
Tremblay A. Y.
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
journal of applied polymer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.575
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-4628
pISSN - 0021-8995
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19990822)73:8<1471::aid-app16>3.0.co;2-g
Subject(s) - membrane , polyetherimide , polymer , solvent , chemical engineering , gas separation , salt (chemistry) , polymer chemistry , casting , chemistry , leaching (pedology) , materials science , chromatography , organic chemistry , composite material , biochemistry , environmental science , soil science , engineering , soil water
Abstract A technique was developed to prepare defect‐free, asymmetric, polymer membranes for gas separation. The preparation method eliminates the need for coatings, which are usually required to render asymmetric, polymer based, membranes gas selective. In this method, a casting solution containing a polymer, solvent, and salt additive is given a desired shape and immersed in a coagulation bath containing a nonsolvent. The nonsolvent is selected to have a low affinity for both the solvent and salt additive. After the complete coagulation of the membrane, the additive salt is leached out in a second bath. This leads to the formation of an asymmetric membrane that has a well‐interconnected porous network. The fine membrane structure is preserved by solvent exchange before it is finally dried. Polyetherimide (PEI) (Ultem® 1000) membranes were prepared from casting solutions containing 23, 25, and 26.5% (wt) PEI, various amounts of lithium nitrate and N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NMP). Membrane performance was determined for the separation of oxygen from air. The effects of polymer concentration, additive salt concentration and the drying process on oxygen permeance, and the actual separation factor of the membrane are discussed. The addition of a small amount of solvent to the coagulation bath improved the leaching of the salt additive and produced membranes with a more open structure. A polymer concentration of 23% produced membranes with the highest performance. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 1471–1482, 1999