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Degree of electron–nuclear entanglement in molecular states
Author(s) -
Sjöqvist Erik
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
international journal of quantum chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.484
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1097-461X
pISSN - 0020-7608
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1097-461x(2000)77:2<526::aid-qua4>3.0.co;2-n
Subject(s) - quantum entanglement , wave function , diatomic molecule , adiabatic process , quantum mechanics , physics , chemistry , potential energy , potential energy surface , vibronic coupling , delocalized electron , atomic physics , quantum , molecule
The degree of electron–nuclear entanglement in molecular states is analyzed. This entanglement has, generally, two sources: delocalization of the electronic and nuclear wave functions and vibronic coupling. For a diatomic molecular ground‐state with a single potential energy minimum, it is demonstrated that the entanglement is a function of the product of the vibrational energy and the Born–Huang potential energy correction evaluated at the minimum. In the case of a double‐well potential energy surface, the deviation from maximal entanglement is determined by the overlap of the electronic and nuclear wave functions evaluated at and around the two minima. The adiabatic states of the E ⊗ϵ Jahn–Teller model are shown to be maximally entangled and a relation between the degree of entanglement and Ham's reduction factor for this model is derived. Numerical calculations in the E ⊗ϵ model demonstrate a nontrivial relation between entanglement and vibronic coupling. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 77: 526–533, 2000