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ED2‐positive perivascular phagocytes produce interleukin‐1β during delayed neuronal loss in the facial nucleus of the rat
Author(s) -
Angelov D.N.,
Walther M.,
Streppel M.,
GuntinasLichius O.,
van Dam A.M.,
Stennert E.,
Neiss W.F.
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
journal of neuroscience research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.72
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1097-4547
pISSN - 0360-4012
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(19981215)54:6<820::aid-jnr10>3.0.co;2-x
Subject(s) - microglia , pathology , parenchyma , biology , monoclonal antibody , perivascular space , antigen , neurite , immunohistochemistry , immunocytochemistry , antibody , immunology , medicine , inflammation , in vitro , biochemistry
Injection of Fluoro‐Gold (FG) into the whisker pad of rats yields stable retrograde labeling of facial motoneurons. Subsequent removal of 10 mm from all facial nerve branches permanently deprives the FG‐labeled motoneurons from their targets and the motoneurons gradually die. Neuronal debris is phagocytized by two types of neuronophages: parenchymal microglia (monoclonal antibody [MAb] OX42‐positive, MAb ED2‐negative) and perivascular phagocytes (OX42‐negative, ED2‐positive). Because both types of neuronophages express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II glycoproteins (MAb OX6‐positive), they are considered to be the potential antigen‐presenting cells of the brain. To check this hypothesis, we tested whether both types of neuronophages also synthetize the co‐stimulatory cytokine interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) immunocytochemically visualized by MAbs SILK‐5/6. Employing combined fluorescent visualization of antigens (OX6, ED2, and SILK‐5/6) in sections containing fluorescent (FG‐prelabeled) neuronophages, we found that, during slowly occurring neuronal loss, the vast majority of IL‐1β immunoreactive neuronophages were of perivascular (ED2‐positive) origin. We concluded that, during delayed neuronal death “behind” an intact blood–brain barrier, the perivascular phagocytes were more likely to function as antigen‐presenting cells than the parenchymal microglia. J. Neurosci. Res. 54:820–827, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.