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Estimation of the direct and indirect effects of vaccination
Author(s) -
Haber Michael
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
statistics in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.996
H-Index - 183
eISSN - 1097-0258
pISSN - 0277-6715
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19990830)18:16<2101::aid-sim178>3.0.co;2-6
Subject(s) - vaccination , observational study , estimation , econometrics , medicine , outbreak , vaccine efficacy , population , statistics , demography , environmental health , mathematics , virology , economics , management , sociology
Indirect effects play a major role in the protection afforded by a vaccination programme. In this work we define new measures of direct, indirect and total (direct + indirect) effects of a vaccination programme in terms of the protection they provide to unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals, and to the entire population. We show how these measures can be estimated using data from a vaccine trial or an observational study. The bias and standard errors of these estimates can be evaluated via stochastic simulations. Examples from a mumps outbreak and a (hypothetical) HIV vaccine trial are used to illustrate the estimation of these new measures of vaccination effectiveness. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.