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Knudsen cell mass spectrometric investigation of the PbO‐ZrO 2 ‐TiO 2 system
Author(s) -
Popovič Arkadij,
Malič Barbara,
Bencze Laszlo
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
rapid communications in mass spectrometry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.528
H-Index - 136
eISSN - 1097-0231
pISSN - 0951-4198
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(19990630)13:12<1129::aid-rcm630>3.0.co;2-k
Subject(s) - chemistry , lead oxide , gibbs free energy , stoichiometry , knudsen number , enthalpy , perovskite (structure) , mass spectrometry , analytical chemistry (journal) , oxide , thermodynamics , crystallography , organic chemistry , physics , chromatography
Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry (KEMS) was used for direct determination of lead oxide activity as a function of temperature in various regions of the PbO−ZrO 2 −TiO 2 system. From the results, the enthalpy, Gibbs free energy and entropy of formation of PbTiO 3 (PT), PbZrO 3 (PZ) and Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT) were evaluated. In addition, the single phase widths of Pb(Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 )O 3 and PbTiO 3 perovskite structures were determined at 1100 K. The reaction rate of PZT synthesis in vacuo was followed by direct measurement of the change of PbO activity with time. Lead oxide activity in stoichiometric Pb(Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 )O 3 , PbTiO 3 and Pb 0.968 (Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 )O 2.968 (3% lead deficient) at 850 °C was found to be 0.40, 0.45 and 0.1, respectively. PZT, PT and PZ powder samples prepared by a solid state procedure were also measured, all revealing lead deficiency. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.