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Immunohistochemical evidence of cytokine networks during progression of human melanocytic lesions
Author(s) -
Moretti Silvia,
Pinzi Cinzia,
Spallanzani Adelina,
Berti Emilio,
Chiarugi Alessandra,
Mazzoli Sandra,
Fabiani Massimo,
Vallecchi Carlo,
Herlyn Meenhard
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
international journal of cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.475
H-Index - 234
eISSN - 1097-0215
pISSN - 0020-7136
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19990420)84:2<160::aid-ijc12>3.0.co;2-r
Subject(s) - autocrine signalling , cytokine , paracrine signalling , melanoma , stem cell factor , tumor necrosis factor alpha , biology , immunohistochemistry , transforming growth factor , pathology , cancer research , receptor , immunology , medicine , stem cell , endocrinology , microbiology and biotechnology , haematopoiesis , biochemistry
Melanoma cells in culture express a variety of growth factors and cytokines and some of their autocrine and paracrine roles have been investigated. However, less information is available on the potential dynamic changes in expression of these molecules on cells during melanoma development and progression in situ . Using immunohistochemistry, we tested 40 nevi and primary and metastatic melanoma lesions for the expression of 10 growth factors and cytokines and the respective receptors representing 10 cell surface molecules. Nevi and thin (< 1 mm) primary melanomas showed little expression of ligands except weak reactivity of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and reactivity of TGF‐βR and c‐kit. Marked up‐regulation of growth factors, cytokines and receptor expression was observed in thick (> 1 mm) primary melanomas, which were stained with polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α, TGF‐β, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and stem cell factor (SCF), but not IL‐2. Metastases showed similar expression patterns except that SCF was absent. Co‐expression of ligand and receptor was observed for TGF‐β, GM‐CSF and IL‐6, suggesting an autocrine role for these ligands. TNF‐α appears to be a marker of benign lesions; IL‐6 and IL‐8 expression is associated with biologically early malignancy; TGF‐β, GM‐CSF and IL‐1α are highly expressed in biologically late lesions; and TNF‐β is an apparent marker of metastatic dissemination. Our results indicate that melanoma cells utilize cascades of growth factors and cytokines for their progression. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 84:160–168, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.