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A review of measures of lymphedema
Author(s) -
Gerber Lynn H.
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.052
H-Index - 304
eISSN - 1097-0142
pISSN - 0008-543X
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19981215)83:12b+<2803::aid-cncr29>3.0.co;2-w
Subject(s) - lymphedema , medicine , reliability (semiconductor) , magnetic resonance imaging , radiology , medical physics , physical therapy , cancer , power (physics) , physics , quantum mechanics , breast cancer
BACKGROUND Lymphedema usually is identified by patients, and rarely is it screened for routinely. Many assessments have been reported and have been used in evaluating a variety of treatments for lymphedema. METHODS A review of the literature was undertaken. RESULTS Five frequently used measures of lymphedema include circumferential measures of limbs at various points (usually at bony landmarks); volumetric measures using limb submersion in water; skin tonometry, in which soft tissue compression is quantified; imaging techniques to describe tissue characteristics as well as to quantify soft tissue swelling (magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography; and ultrasound with and without Doppler flow studies for volumetric measures. Circumferential measures with calculations designed to compute limb volumes and volumetric measures are used most frequently, but these have some difficulty with reliability. No significant effort has been made to develop a patient based questionnaire that describes the size as well as the impact of lymphedema on an individual's functional level. CONCLUSIONS Existing physical measures of lymphedema are available that are easy to use, inexpensive, have limited reliability, and do not address the issue of functional impact. Imaging techniques may provide valuable qualitative and quantitative information in selected populations. Cancer 1998;83:2803‐2804. © 1998 American Cancer Society.