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Super‐motifs and evolution of tandem leucine‐rich repeats within the small proteoglycans—biglycan, decorin, lumican, fibromodulin, PRELP, keratocan, osteoadherin, epiphycan, and osteoglycin
Author(s) -
Matsushima Norio,
Ohyanagi Toshio,
Tanaka Takanori,
Kretsinger Robert H.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
proteins: structure, function, and bioinformatics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.699
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1097-0134
pISSN - 0887-3585
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1097-0134(20000201)38:2<210::aid-prot9>3.0.co;2-1
Subject(s) - lumican , biglycan , decorin , tandem repeat , leucine rich repeat , biology , genetics , peptide sequence , proteoglycan , gene , genome , extracellular matrix
Leucine‐rich repeats (LRRs) with 20–30 amino acids in unit length are present in many proteins from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. The LRR‐containing proteins include a family of nine small proteoglycans, forming three distinct subfamilies: class I contains biglycan/PG‐I and decorin/PG‐II; class II: lumican, fibromodulin, PRELP, keratocan, and osteoadherin; and class III: epiphycan/PG‐Lb and osteoglycin or osteoinductive factor. Comparative sequence analysis of the 34 available protein sequences reveals that these proteoglycans have two types of LRRs, which we call S and T . The type S LRR is 21 residues long and has the consensus sequence of xxaPzxLPxxLxxLxLxxNxI. The type T LRR has 26 residues; its consensus sequence is zzxxaxxxxFxxaxxLxxLxLxxNxL. In both “x” indicates variable residue; “z” is frequently a gap; “a” is Val, Leu, or Ile; and I is Ile or Leu. These type S and T LRRs are ordered into two super‐motifs— STT with about 73 residues in classes I and II and ST with about 47 residues in class III. The 12 LRRs in the small proteoglycans of I and II are best represented as ( STT ) 4 ; the seven LRRs of class III as ( ST ) T ( ST ) 2 . Our analyses indicate that classes I/II and III evolved along different paths after the establishment of the precursor ST , and classes I and II also diverged after the establishment of the precursor ( STT ) 4 . Proteins 2000;38:210–225. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.