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Palm oil fatty acid as an activator in carbon black filled natural rubber compounds: effect of vulcanization system
Author(s) -
Ismail Hanafi,
Salmiah I.,
Tsukahara Y.
Publication year - 1997
Publication title -
polymer international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.592
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1097-0126
pISSN - 0959-8103
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1097-0126(199712)44:4<523::aid-pi887>3.0.co;2-m
Subject(s) - vulcanization , ultimate tensile strength , carbon black , natural rubber , materials science , fatty acid , swelling , modulus , composite material , young's modulus , palm oil , chemistry , palm , nuclear chemistry , organic chemistry , food science , physics , quantum mechanics
Carbon black filled natural rubber compounds were cured using conventional vulcanization (CV) and semi‐efficient vulcanization (semi‐EV) systems. The effect of palm oil fatty acid on cure characteristics and mechanical properties was examined. It was found that the cure time t 90 , and scorch time increased with increasing palm oil fatty acid concentration in both systems. At fixed acid concentration, semi‐EV compounds show shorter t 90 and scorch time than CV compounds. Results from tensile modulus, hardness, maximum torque‐minimum torque M HR ‐ M L , and swelling measurements indicate that palm oil fatty acid has some effect on crosslink density. At fixed palm oil fatty acid concentration, CV compounds have better mechanical properties (tensile modulus, hardness, tear and tensile strengths) compared with semi‐EV compounds. ©1997 SCI