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The TBA torsion pendulum: a technique for characterizing the cure and properties of thermosetting systems
Author(s) -
Gillham John K.
Publication year - 1997
Publication title -
polymer international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.592
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1097-0126
pISSN - 0959-8103
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1097-0126(199711)44:3<262::aid-pi863>3.0.co;2-w
Subject(s) - thermosetting polymer , materials science , glass transition , amorphous solid , vitrification , torsion pendulum clock , composite material , isothermal process , natural rubber , polyimide , thermodynamics , polymer , chemistry , medicine , physics , organic chemistry , layer (electronics) , quantum mechanics , andrology
Generalizations on the cure and properties of thermosetting polymers, which have stemmed from the development and application of the torsional braid analysis (TBA) technique, have been formulated in terms of cure–property relationships. They are the isothermal time–temperature–transformation (TTT) cure diagram, the continuous heating time–temperature–transformation (CHT) cure diagram, the conversion–temperature–property ( T g TP) diagram, and the glass transition temperature ( T g ) versus conversion relationship. The relationships may be used to design time–temperature cure paths, that exploit gelation and vitrification, to optimize cure processes and glassy state properties. Glassy state properties studied have included modulus, density and microcracking versus conversion, and the dynamics of submolecular motions as represented by physical ageing and transitions. Rubber modification and water absorption have also been investigated. This review emphasizes results obtained by exploiting the ability of the TBA technique to examine amorphous specimens in which material changes from liquid (or rubber) to glass, and vice versa. ©1997 SCI