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Application of parallel factor analysis and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to the initial stages in oxidation of aluminium. II. The O 1s photoelectron line
Author(s) -
Do T.,
McIntyre N. S.
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
surface and interface analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.52
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1096-9918
pISSN - 0142-2421
DOI - 10.1002/(sici)1096-9918(199912)27:12<1037::aid-sia672>3.0.co;2-y
Subject(s) - x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , oxide , metal , aluminium , chemistry , hydroxide , binding energy , aluminium oxide , oxidation process , analytical chemistry (journal) , inorganic chemistry , chemical engineering , materials science , metallurgy , organic chemistry , physics , nuclear physics , engineering
Three‐way parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) has been used to decompose several series of XPS O 1s spectra obtained in the study of oxidation of aluminium by water vapour. Reaction time, reactant pressure and binding energy in the XPS spectrum are the independent variables. Four factors have been extracted that characterize the oxidation process of aluminium by the interaction of water vapour. Two of these factors are associated with the formation of a lattice oxide, either on a metal surface or on a hydrided metal surface. The other two factors result from attachment of OH groups either to a metal surface or to the oxide. All factors extracted have a dual functionality: the oxide (or hydroxide) component and a water component, the latter arising from water produced in each reaction. The PARAFAC analysis was essential in isolating the separate effects of pressure and time on the oxidation process. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.