Electro‐kinetic and thermal radiation effects on blood‐based nanofluid flow over a porous medium with heat source and inclined magnetic field

Abstract Aim and motivation : Due to the diverse applications of nanotechnology, boundary layer phenomena, and electro‐kinetic force, along with a porous medium in the different external fields, the authors in the present research were motivated to examine the mathematical modelling of the boundary layer (BL) rheology of a viscoplastic nanofluid over a porous medium under the impacts of thermal radiation and electric field. We address the physical effects of two external forces: the heat source and inclined magnetic field parameters. The concentration of metallic nanoparticles (aluminum oxide( A l 2 O 3 A{{l}_2}{{O}_3 with viscoplastic (or blood) as a base liquid is used. All these extensions are the novelty of the current mathematical formulation. Moreover, the non‐linear governing equations will be obtained with the help of Cartesian coordinates. Due to its dual characteristics: viscosity and plastic behavior, the Casson fluid model is utilized in this study as a viscoplastic fluid. Mathematical formulation : These governing equations are first transformed into the non‐similarity form using non‐similar variables. The Debye–Hückel approximation is used to derive the electric potential equation. These nonlinear rheological equations are then computationally solved using Matlab's robust BVP4C. The behavior of rheological characteristics has been well discussed using graphs. Numerical calculations are also used to determine engineering features like skin friction and Nusselt number for the embedded flow parameters. To regulate fluid rheology in a porous medium, zeta potential is a crucial phenomenon. Outcomes : Increasing the viscoplastic parameter leads to a higher velocity magnitude. Thermal enhancement is significantly influenced by the volumetric concentration parameter. At the same time, the variation in the viscoplastic parameter contributes to a substantial reduction in Nusselt's number. These results are valid for all three cases, such as suction, injection, and rigid boundary. Applications : The outcomes of the current numerical investigation are important to the design of numerous types of equipment and their manufacturing based on radiative heat transfer and electro‐kinetic applications, including nuclear power plants, gas turbines, aircraft propulsion systems, nanodevices, nanotechnologies, the chemical industry, and missiles.