Bioinspired Membrane‐Based Cancer Vaccines for Immunotherapy: Progress and Perspectives

Abstract Cancer vaccines hold promise for tumor immunotherapy, with their success hinging on effective systems to boost anti‐tumor immunity. Biological membranes are not only a delivery vehicle but also a source of antigens and adjuvants, garnering growing interest in vaccine research. This review starts with an introduction to the composition and mechanisms of cancer vaccines and describes the sources, advantages/disadvantages, engineering strategies, and applications of these membrane‐based platforms for cancer vaccine development. This review also offers a critical analysis and discusses the further direction of the vaccine platform in view of clinical translation for tumor immunotherapy.