Targeted Tumor Microenvironment Delivery of Floxuridine Prodrug via Soluble Silica Nanoparticles in Malignant Melanoma as a Model for Aggressive Cancer Treatment

Abstract Malignant melanoma presents a significant challenge in oncology due to its aggressive nature and high metastatic potential. Conventional systemic treatments often fail to effectively reach tumor sites, limiting their therapeutic impact. This study introduces a groundbreaking triple‐strategy approach for treating malignant melanoma. A novel prodrug, an oligonucleotide, comprising 10 units of Floxuridine (5‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxyuridine) (FdU) nucleoside antimetabolites are developed, to enhance half‐life and reduce rapid metabolism. Encapsulated in soluble colloidal silica nanoparticles, this compound is protected and directed toward tumor neovasculature precursor endothelial cell receptors, ensuring local delivery. The strategy focuses on releasing the prodrug in the tumor microenvironment, aiming to eradicate both melanoma cells and their supportive structures. Efficacy is demonstrated in cell culture studies and preclinical models of malignant melanoma, showing a remarkable 50% reduction in tumor size after just three intravenous treatments. These findings underscore the transformative potential of targeting endothelial cell membrane proteins for drug delivery. This study paves the way for innovative targeted therapies, promising significant advancements in treatment strategies and improves outcomes for patients with metastatic cancers.