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Oxides of Iron and Zinc Prepared with Use of Waste Biomass from Allium Sativum : Sustainable Antineoplastic Agents against HT29 and HepG2 Cells
Author(s) -
Mustafa Rahat,
Nazir Arif,
Abbas Mazhar,
Iqbal Munawar
Publication year - 2025
Publication title -
chemistryselect
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.437
H-Index - 34
ISSN - 2365-6549
DOI - 10.1002/slct.202405804
Abstract This study focuses on the synthesis of iron and zinc oxide nanoparticles (IO/ZnO NPs) using outer dry skin (waste biomass) of Allium sativum . The prepared NPs were found to be polycrystalline, polydispersed, and sphere‐shaped, showing average sizes of 47 nm for IO NPs and 49 nm for ZnO NPs. Both types of NPs revealed robust antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus . IO NPs exhibited superior antioxidant activity (61.63% at 150 µg/mL) and brine shrimp lethality (LC 50 of 162.13 µg/mL) compared to ZnO NPs. In a similar pattern, the IO NPs exhibited low hemolysis and proved to be compatible with human RBCs. Zeta potential measurements indicated mild stability and poor flocculation, with values of −24.6 mV for IO NPs, while ZnO NPs depicted moderate stability with a value of +21.6 mV. Similarly, IO NPs exhibited superior antineoplastic activity than ZnO NPs against HT29 cells (IC 50 of 82.98 µg/mL) and presented better efficacy against HepG2 cells (IC 50 of 49.09 µg/mL). Flow cytometry indicates that IO NPs induced higher early and late apoptotic rates in cancer cells. So, it can be inferred that IO NPs synthesized from A. sativum disclosed superior biocompatibility for its use as an antineoplastic drug with reduced cost.

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