Hybrid Polytypic Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles Templated with Harmal Leaf Extract for Antimicrobial Applications

Abstract This study examines the synthesis of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) using an extract from Peganum harmala leaves as a reducing agent and template. The extract facilitates the formation of CdS NPs within a phyto‐organic matrix. Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses confirm the hexagonal structure of the nanoparticles, with an average crystal size of 4.2 nm and phyto templates averaging 27.4 nm. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates a cubic transformation with grain sizes ranging from 19 to 43 nm. The antibacterial properties of these nanoparticles were tested against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, showing inhibition zones of 2.5 and 3.5 cm, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were found to be 100 µL/ml for gram‐positive and 300 µL/ml for gram‐negative bacteria. Overall, using Harmal leaf extract for nanoparticle synthesis represents an eco‐friendly and sustainable method with potential applications in antibacterial treatments.