Recent Advances in MOF−Based Dual−Atom Catalysts for CO 2 Reduction

Abstract In recent years, the development of efficient catalysts for photo−/electro−catalytic CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) has become a major research focus due to growing environmental concerns and energy demands. Dual−atom catalysts (DACs), composed of two metal atoms with suitable metal−metal distance integrated into the supports, have shown great promise in enhancing catalytic performance via the dual−metal synergistic catalysis (DMSC) effect. This review highlights the advancements in Metal−organic framework (MOF)−based DACs, which combine the high atomic efficiency of DACs with tunable and defined structures and high metal loadings. In this review, we summarized the recent developments on the synthesis strategies of MOF−based DACs and their applications in CO 2 RR, focusing on the role of DMSC effect in improving catalytic activity, stability, and selectivity. Additionally, we also discuss the influence of the local electronic structure, coordination environment, and metal atom interactions on catalytic performance. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of MOF − based DACs and offers insights into their future potential in sustainable energy conversion.