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Directed Evolution of Fluorescent Genetically Encoded Biosensors: Innovative Approaches for Development and Optimization of Biosensors
Author(s) -
Kuldyushev Nikita
Publication year - 2025
Publication title -
chembiochem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.05
H-Index - 126
eISSN - 1439-7633
pISSN - 1439-4227
DOI - 10.1002/cbic.202401055
Subject(s) - biosensor , directed evolution , directed molecular evolution , fluorescent protein , rational design , computer science , computational biology , synthetic biology , nanotechnology , biochemical engineering , biology , green fluorescent protein , engineering , materials science , biochemistry , gene , mutant
Fluorescent protein‐based biosensors are indispensable molecular tools in cell biology and biomedical research, providing non‐invasive dynamic measurements of metabolite concentrations and other cellular signals. Traditional methods for developing these biosensors rely on rational design, but directed evolution methods offer a more efficient alternative. This review discusses recent advancements in the development of biosensors using directed evolution, including methods for optimizing domain fusions, sequence optimization, and new screening and selection systems. Additionally, the incorporation of machine learning into the directed evolution process is explored, highlighting its potential to enhance the efficiency and cost reduction of biosensor development. Finally, emerging trends in the development of near‐infrared biosensors and photochromic sensors are discussed, along with the opportunities presented by de novo design of sensing domains and biosensors.