Analysis of Chemical and Potential Anti‐Heart Failure Components of Yan‐Shi‐Qiang‐Xin Decoction by UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap HRMS Coupled With Molecular Networking

ABSTRACT Yan‐Shi‐Qiang‐Xin decoction (YSQXD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, is clinically effective in treating chronic heart failure, yet its bioactive constituents remain unclear. To address this, a sensitive and reliable UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap HRMS method was established to separate and identify the chemical constituents in YSQXD and its absorbed constituents in rat serum, heart and liver following oral administration of YSQXD. With the optimized conditions, a total of 134 chemical components were tentatively identified, including 41 terpenoids, 34 flavonoids, 19 alkaloids, nine organic acids, eight amino acids, seven coumarins, six nucleotides, two sterols, and eight other compounds, based on retention times, MS/MS spectra, and literature references. Furthermore, 29, 10, 17 constituents were identified in the rat serum, heart and liver, respectively. Finally, the network pharmacology analysis based on absorbable components indicated that polyporenic acid, bavachalcone, albiflorin, biatractylolide, psoralen, angelicin, neobavaisoflavone, dictysine, isotalatizidine, and 26‐hydroxyporicoic acid G exhibited high degree values, suggesting their potential as active ingredients for chronic heart failure treatment. These findings provide a comprehensive chemical profile of YSQXD and its absorbed components, offering valuable insights into its pharmacologically active substances.