Green Synthesis of Cu‐Fe Nano Bimetallic Particles: A Dual Approach for Crop Protection and Growth Stimulation in Vigna radiata

ABSTRACT Green synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles has gained huge importance worldwide due to their broader applications and unique properties. In the current research, Cu‐Fe bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNPs) were synthesized using cow urine‐based herbal extract as a novel metal salt‐reducing agent. The developed nanoparticles were analyzed using various analytical instruments. The UV–Vis spectra showed an absorbance peak at 298 and 467 nm for iron oxide (FeO) and copper oxide (CuO) presence, respectively. The X‐ray diffraction pattern revealed the crystalline structure of BMNPs, showing diffraction peaks at angles of 35.52°, 37.11°, and 32.43°. The spherical shape of the Cu‐Fe bimetallic nanoparticles, along with an average particle size of 64.81 nm, was shown by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX) revealed the presence of 57.9 wt.% of Fe and 42.1 wt.% of Cu in the synthesized bimetallic nanoparticles. The antifungal activity against plant pathogens Fusarium solani and Aspergillus niger demonstrated growth inhibition of 51.11% and 15.56%, respectively. Cu‐Fe bimetallic nanoparticles observed enhanced seed germination in Vigna radiata (moong beans) at 5 and 10 mg doses. Applying green‐synthesized bimetallic nanoparticles in crop protection and plant growth stimulation may offer several advantages for agricultural field research, including enhanced crop production and better food security.