Breast Leiomyosarcoma: A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Management

Background Leiomyosarcomas of breast are very rare tumors, with only 54 cases reported in the literature to date. Methods We report a case of leiomyosarcoma in a 52-year-old woman who presented with a painless left breast mass in the upper outer quadrant of her left breast. It measured about 6 cm in diameter and was located within the breast parenchyma with no skin involvement. Mammogram was suggestive of BI-RADS IV lesion, and core biopsy of the lesion was inconclusive. Results Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the excision biopsy of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma approaching the specimen margins. The patient underwent simple mastectomy, which did not reveal any residual tumor or additional lesions. Follow-up for a year after her mastectomy did not show any local or systemic recurrence. Conclusions We reviewed the literature and summarize our findings as recommendations for management of leiomyosarcoma of breast.