Türkmen Türkçesinde Korunan Fonetik Unsurlar

Turkmen Turkish constitutes Oguz group of Turkish language’s eastern branch but Azerbaijan and the Turkey Turkish constitutes the western branch. A part of Oguz Turkey has used the same literary language up to the 17th century in the Anatolia, Syria, Iran and Iraq geography. After this century Ottoman Turkish and Azerbaijani Turkish created two different literary languages. Gagauz Turks today live mainly including the Gagauz Autonomous State, northeastern Bulgaria, Ukraine, Romania and Greece. Gagauz consisting of a combination of Peceneks, Uz, Kuman-Kipchak and Oguz tribes in different periods of history. Gagauz live under the independence of the Ottoman Empire in Balkans until the 18.th century. After the 18th century following the weakening of the rule of the Ottoman Empire in the region with various reasons they migrate to Russia. Until 1990 under the independence of the Romanian and Russian they managed to survive. The Soviet Union is fragmented in the 1990s. Then, in 1994, the Gagauz Autonomous Republic is known. Until the 18th century, Turkmens used the Chagatay Turkish which has been Central Asian Turks’common written language. After the 18th century Turkmen poets and writers wrote the woks which formed the infrastructure of the Turkmen Turkish. Today the foundation of Turkmen Turkish include the Teke, Yomud, Ersarı, Çavdur, Sarık, Salur, Gökleñ’s tribes language producs. Modern Turkmen literary language basically is based the Teke dialect which is spoken in the Ahal and Marı district. Turkmens depending the understanding of the Oguzsized units could not have written literature for a long time. Therefore since 13th century they have had their rich products of old tradition. As well as some typical characteristics of Eastern Turkish, some phonetic and morphological characteristics of Oguz group of Turkish literary language are seen in Turkmen Turkish. Because Kipchak and Chagatai languages have been effective in Turkmen Turkish which is located in the west group of Turkey written languages over years, some part of the sound change which has been seen in the Azerbaijan and the Turkey Turkish has not been seen in this written language. Therefore, a large number of protected phonetic elements in the northern and eastern group of Turkish literary language have been protected in Turkmen Turkish as well. In this article these protected phonetic elements in Turkmen Turkish are expressed with examples by a comparative method. Türkmen Türkçesinde Korunan Fonetik Unsurlar 271 Turkish Studies International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 11/10 Spring 2016 STRUCTURED ABSTRACT Today Teke, Yomud, Ersarı, Çavdur, Sarık, Salur, Gökleñ tribes and associated with these tribes’s clan’s language products constitude the foundation of the Turkmen Turkish. Turkmen Turkish represents the eastern arm of the Western Turkish in the Turkish language atlas. Turkmens depending on the understanding of the Oguz tribe troops could not have a written literature for a long time. Therefore, they have had a rich oral folk literature tied to the old Oguz tradition 13th century onwards. Especially folk epics with style Köroglu and the stories like Tahir and Zühre, Yusuf and Züleyha, Aslı and Kerem, Leyla and Mecnun are among the most important literary products of Turkmen oral folk literature. Due to its proximity to the region of northern and eastern group of Turkish dialects like other Turkish communities they used the Chagatai Turkish as written language in the 15th and 17th centuries. Modern Turkmen literary language basically based on to the Teke dialect spoken in Ahal and Marı districts. Turkmens has used the common written language of Central Asian Turks‘ Chagatay Turkish, until the 18th century. Therefore, the majority of phonetic and morphological characteristics of Oguz group of Turkish literary languages are seen in Turkmen Turkish. Besides, some characteristics of the eastern Turkish are also seen. Especially in old Turkish period while / b / consonants at the beginning of the words have been preserved in the northern and eastern group of Turkish literary languages, some of these consonants have evolved into the fricative / v/ consonant in the western group of Turkish literary languages. Same way, in old Turkish period, while / k/, / ḳ/, /t/ consonants at the beginning of the words have been preserved in the northern and eastern group of Turkish literary languages, these consonants have evolved into the voiced /g/, /ġ/, /d/ consonants in the western group of Turkish literary) It is seen that in Turkmen Turkish which located in the west group of written language of Turkish, due to the effects of the written language of Kipchak and Chagatai those sound changes unrealized and protected phonetic elements of northern and eastern group of Turkish literary language continued protection in the Turkmen Turkish too. In this article protected phonetic elements in Turkmen Turkish is indicated by a comparative method with examples.