Une étude comparative des proverbes turcs et français

The essential objective of this study is to describe French and Turkish proverb by comparison then to prove the existence of social softeners, the orientations of interpretant, language economy, provocative interpretant and its governing nature by determining their substitutions on paradigmatic axe. We have the benefit of Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotics and the semiology of Saussure in order to describe phenomenon. Proverbs are observed by following a descriptive and comparative approach. However, we use the language economy of Martinet, the referent of Benveniste and the term of governing feature of Tesnière. The use of these terms takes us to a description of efficient facts. There is an insufficiency in signified that must be completed by interpretant of Peirce because it has a mental, interpretative, social and contextual potential. The signified and interpretant aren’t the same value in the semiotic description; therefore interpretant is being completely governing and provocative in the diachronic and social process. The diachronic method unveils the mystery of evolutions in two proverbs. When we observed them, we discovered the phenomenon above-mentioned. Provocative interpretant is a type of interpretative image that possesses an extinctive and governing effect on the proverb. The softeners are substitutions that prevent the extinction. Language economy is a social mechanism that assures an excellent fluency. The description in this study has an extensive potential. Namely, all of the proverbs can be observed and described according to their semiotic and evolutional phenomenon.