Rus Dilbiliminde Bilim Dalı Olarak Stilistiğin Gelişimi

Current research views language in two ways: 1) as a constant “systematic” structure and 2) as a “functional” dynamic structure. Language exists to express dynamism, in other words, thoughts. Thoughts manifest in language and are understandable only within the specific speech world of the speaker. In other words, speech differs from person to person as it is an expression of the individual’s way of thinking. In this context, language (spoken or written) is closely related to style, which is the most important characteristic of the text or speech. Style is related to the dynamism of the language and, compared to its written form, more fully emerges in speech. Accordingly, beyond the structure of language, style is related to the function of speech. From this point of view the concept of style can be considered only in speaking, because the emotions, appraisals and expressions of thoughts appear only in the active use of language. Stylistics investigates a language’s usage patterns and functions. Accepted as a discipline which examines the use of language units and categories in relation to their functional purpose in various situations and conditions, the historical development of literary language, and the changes in terms of the language’s function and style that took place throughout the course of its history, the emergence of stylistics was a lengthy process. In Russian, this was an especially long process. In this study the evolution and emergence of Russian stylistics as a completely separate scientific discipline is examined. In addition to this, the importance of stylistics in speech and its place and role in teaching and studying a foreign language are discussed.