Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal Extraction of the Kidney after Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy

Gynecologists have long used a vaginal incision for surgical treatment of pelvic pathology. More recently, however, laparoscopy has allowed gynecologists and other specialists to replace laparotomy with minimally invasive surgical techniques. The combination of laparoscopic and vaginal approaches has increased the surgical armamentarium of both the gynecologist and the urologist.