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Influence of alkali treatment on agar from Gracilariopsis longissima and Gracilaria vermiculophylla from the Gulf of California, Mexico
Author(s) -
Javier OrduñaRojas,
R Suárez-Castro,
ES López-Álvarez,
Rafael RiosmenaRodríguez,
I. PachecoRuíz,
José A. ZertucheGonzález,
AE Meling-López
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
ciencias marinas
Language(s) - Spanish
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.215
H-Index - 29
eISSN - 2395-9053
pISSN - 0185-3880
DOI - 10.7773/cm.v34i4.1383
Subject(s) - agar , alkali metal , agar gel , yield (engineering) , sulfate , biology , botany , chromatography , chemistry , food science , bacteria , microbiology and biotechnology , materials science , organic chemistry , genetics , metallurgy
The effect of alkali treatment on agar yield, sulfate content, and 3,6 anhydrogalactose content from two agarophyte species (Gracilariopsis longissima and Gracilaria vermiculophylla) was analyzed. In addition, gel strength was measured in each agar extract as well as gelling and melting temperatures. Agar was extracted after pretreatment with different concentrations of NaOH (3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%). Pretreatment with alkali significantly reduced agar yield from G. longissima from 13.2% in nontreated agar (native agar) to 5.4% in 5% NaOH, whereas in G. vermiculophylla it diminished from 25.2% to 9.6% in 9% NaOH treatment. Statistically significant differences were observed for native and all alkali treatments in G. longissima, whereas in G. vermiculophylla significant differences were only found among native and high alkali treatments (7% and 9% NaOH, P < 0.05). Sulfate content from G. longissima diminished gradually with increasing alkali concentration, from high (3.9%) in native agar to low (3.1%) in 7% alkali treatment, and was negatively correlated with gel strength (r = –0.92). Sulfate content in G. vermiculophylla native agar was twice as high as that found in G. longissima (7.8%) and did not show statistically significant differences with low alkali treatments, but it did with high NaOH treatments. Higher contents of 3,6 anhydrogalactose were found with 9% NaOH treatment in G. longissima (40.9%) and G. vermiculophylla (43%), and they were significantly correlated with gel strength (r = 0.89 and r = 0.91, respectively). Se estudio el efecto del tratamiento alcalino en el rendimiento de agar, contenido de sulfatos y contenido de 3,6 anhidrogalactosa en dos especies productoras de agar (Gracilariopsis longissima y Gracilaria vermiculophylla). Ademas, se midio la fuerza de gel, la temperatura de gelificacion y temperatura de fusion de cada agar extraido. El agar se extrajo despues de tratar el alga con diferentes concentraciones de NaOH (3%, 5%, 7% y 9%). El tratamiento alcalino redujo significativamente el rendimiento de agar en G. longissima de 13.2% para el agar no tratado (agar nativo) a 5.4% para el agar tratado con NaOH al 5%, mientras que en G. vermiculophylla el rendimiento se redujo de 25.2% a 9.6% con el tratamiento con NaOH al 9%. Se encontraron diferencias estadisticamente significativas en el rendimiento entre el agar nativo y el posterior a todos los tratamientos alcalinos de G. longissima, mientras que para G. vermiculophylla solo se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el agar nativo y los tratamientos mas alcalinos (NaOH al 7% y 9 %, P < 0.05). El contenido de sulfatos en G. longissima disminuyo gradualmente conforme se incremento el contenido de NaOH de 3.9% en el agar nativo hasta 3.1% en el tratamiento con 7% de NaOH, y estuvo negativamente correlacionado con la fuerza de gel (r = –0.92). El contenido de sulfatos en el agar nativo de G. vermiculophylla fue el doble (7.8%) del observado en G. longissima, y no se observaron diferencias estadisticas significativas con los tratamientos de baja alcalinidad, pero si las hubo con los tratamientos muy alcalinos. Los contenidos mas altos de 3,6 anhidrogalactosa se encontraron con el tratamiento con 9% de NaOH tanto en G. longissima (40.9%) como en G. vermiculophylla (43%), y estuvieron positivamente correlacionados con la fuerza de gel (r = 0.89 y r = 0.91, respectivamente).

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