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Background  Ruminants release the majority of agricultural methane, an important greenhouse gas. Different feeds and additives are used to reduce emissions, but each has its drawbacks. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of  Allium fistulosum  L. ( A. fistulosum ) extract on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, and on methane emission.    Methods  Rumen fluid was taken from two cannulated rumen Hanwoo cow (with mean initial body weight 450 ± 30 kg, standard deviation = 30). Rumen fluid and McDougall’s buffer (1:2; 15 mL) were dispensed anaerobically into 50 mL serum bottles containing 300 mg (DM basis) of timothy substrate and   A. fistulosum  extracts (based on timothy substrate; 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, or 9%). This experiment followed a completely randomized design performed in triplicate, using 126 individual serum bottles (six treatments × seven incubation times × three replicates).    Results  Dry matter degradability was not significantly affected ( p -value > 0.05) by any  A. fistulosum  treatment other than 1% extract at 24 h incubation. Methane emission linearly decreased   A. fistulosum  extract concentration increased at 12 and 24 h incubation ( p- value < 0.0001;  p -value = 0.0003, respectively). Acetate concentration linearly decreased ( p -value = 0.003) as  A. fistulosum  extract concentration increased at 12 h incubation. Methanogenic archaea abundance tendency decreased ( p- value = 0.055) in the 1%, 7%, and 9%   A. fistulosum  extract groups compared to that in the 0% group, and quadratically decreased ( p- value < 0.0001) as   A. fistulosum  extract concentration increased at 24 h incubation.    Conclusion   A. fistulosum  extract had no apparent effect on ruminal fermentation characteristics or dry matter degradability. However, it reduced methane emission and methanogenic archaea abundance.

Effects of supplementation levels of Allium fistulosum L. extract on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane emission