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Helicobacter pylori  is one of the major stomach microbiome components, promoting development of inflammation and gastric cancer in humans.  H. pylori  has a unique ability to transform into a coccoidal form which is difficult to detect by many diagnostic methods, such as urease activity detection, and even histopathological examination. Here we present a comparison of three methods for  H. pylori  identification: histological assessment (with eosin, hematoxylin, and Giemsa staining), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of urease (ureA specific primers), and detection by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The study employed biopsies from the antral part of the stomach ( N  = 40). All samples were assessed histologically which revealed  H. pylori  in eight patients. Bacterial DNA isolated from the bioptates was used as a template for PCR reaction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing that revealed  H. pylori  in 13 and in 20 patients, respectively. Thus, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was the most sensitive method for detection of  H. pylori  in stomach biopsy samples.

Application of 16S rRNA gene sequencing in Helicobacter pylori detection