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Background  Intestinal parasitic protozoa represent a serious problem of public health particularly in developing countries. Protozoa such as  Blastocystis, Giardia intestinalis ,  Entamoeba histolytica  and  Cryptosporidium  spp. are associated with diarrheal symptoms. In Colombia, there is little region-specific data on the frequency and circulating genotypes/species of these microorganisms. Therefore, the main objective of our study was to employ molecular detection and genotyping of  G. intestinalis  and  Blastocystis ,  Cryptosporidium  and  Entamoeba  spp. in samples from different biogeographical regions of Colombia.    Methods  We collected 649 human fecal samples from five biogeographical regions of Colombia: the Amazon, Andean, Caribbean, Orinoco and Pacific regions.  Blastocystis, G. intestinalis, Cryptosporidium  spp. and  Entamoeba  complex were detected by microscopy and conventional PCR. Molecular genotyping was conducted to identify  Blastocystis  subtypes (STs) (18s),  G. intestinalis  assemblages (triose phosphate isomerase and glutamate dehydrogenase) and  Cryptosporidium  species (18s). Genetic diversity indices were determined using dnasp.5.    Results  We detected  G. intestinalis  in 45.4% ( n  = 280) of samples,  Blastocystis  in 54.5% ( n  = 336) of samples,  Cryptosporidium  spp. in 7.3% ( n  = 45) of samples,  Entamoeba dispar  in 1.5% ( n  = 9) of samples, and  Entamoeba moshkovskii  in 0.32% ( n  = 2) of samples.  Blastocystis  STs 1–4, 8 and 9 and  G. intestinalis  assemblages AII, BIII, BIV, D and G were identified. The following  Cryptosporidium  species were identified:  C. hominis ,  C. parvum ,  C. bovis ,  C. andersoni ,  C. muris ,  C. ubiquitum  and  C. felis . The Caribbean region had the highest frequency for each of the microorganisms evaluated (91.9% for  G. duodenalis , 97.3% for  Blastocystis , 10.8% for  Cryptosporidium  spp., 13.5% for  E. dispar  and 2.7% for  E. moshkovskii ). The Orinoco region had a high frequency of  Blastocystis  (97.2%) and the Andean region had a high frequency of  G. intestinalis  (69.4%). High and active transmission was apparent in several regions of the country, implying that mechanisms for prevention and control of intestinal parasitosis in different parts of the country must be improved.

Molecular detection and genotyping of intestinal protozoa from different biogeographical regions of Colombia