English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Minimization of the energetic cost of transport (CoT) has been suggested for the walk-run transition in human locomotion. More recent literature argues that lower leg muscle activities are the potential triggers of the walk-run transition. We examined both metabolic and muscular aspects for explaining walk-run transition under body weight support (BWS; supported 30% of body weight) and normal walking (NW), because the BWS can reduce both leg muscle activity and metabolic rate.    Methods  Thirteen healthy young males participated in this study. The energetically optimal transition speed (EOTS) was determined as the intersection between linear CoT and speed relationship in running and quadratic CoT-speed relationship in walking under BWS and NW conditions. Preferred transition speed (PTS) was determined during constant acceleration protocol (velocity ramp protocol at 0.00463 m·s −2  = 1 km·h −1  per min) starting from 1.11 m·s −1 . Muscle activities and mean power frequency (MPF) were measured using electromyography of the primary ankle dorsiflexor ( tibialis anterior ; TA) and synergetic plantar flexors (calf muscles including  soleus ) before and after the walk-run transition.    Results  The EOTS was significantly faster than the PTS under both conditions, and both were faster under BWS than in NW. In both conditions, MPF decreased after the walk-run transition in the dorsiflexor and the combined plantar flexor activities, especially the  soleus .    Discussion  The walk-run transition is not triggered solely by the minimization of whole-body energy expenditure. Walk-run transition is associated with reduced TA and  soleus  activities with evidence of greater slow twitch fiber recruitment, perhaps to avoid early onset of localized muscle fatigue.

Why do we transition from walking to running? Energy cost and lower leg muscle activity before and after gait transition under body weight support