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Background  This study was designed to explore the profile and potential influencers of the vaginal microbiome (VMB) among asymptomatic pregnant Chinese women and its possible association with pregnancy outcomes.    Methods  A prospective study was conducted among pregnant Chinese women receiving regular prenatal care at a hospital in Shanghai, China from March 2017 to March 2018. Vaginal swabs were obtained from 113 asymptomatic pregnant women in mid-pregnancy and sequenced by the V3–V4 region of 16S rRNA on an Ion S5™ XL platform. Demographic characteristics and major pregnancy outcomes were collected through questionnaires and electronic medical records.    Results  The predominant vaginal community state types (CSTs) were CST I (45.1%) and CST III (31.9%). Participants were divided into a lactobacilli-dominant group (LD, CST I/II/III/I–III/V,  n  = 100, 88.5%) and a less lactobacilli-dominant group (LLD, CST IV-A/B,  n  = 13, 11.5%). Women in the LLD group showed an increased alpha diversity [median (interquartile range, IQR): 2.41 (1.67, 2.49) vs. 0.30 (0.17, 0.59),  P  < 0.001], which was related to a lower pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) ( P  = 0.012), and a greater instance of passive smoking ( P  = 0.033). The relative abundance of  Lactobacillus  was correlated positively with the pre-pregnancy BMI ( r  = 0.177,  P  = 0.041), but negatively with passive smoking ( r  =  − 0.204,  P  = 0.030).    Conclusion  The vaginal flora of asymptomatic pregnant Chinese women was mostly dominated by  Lactobacillus crispatus  and  L. iners . A lower BMI and greater instance of passive smoking may contribute to a less lactobacilli-dominant VMB. However, a larger sample size is needed.

Exploring profile and potential influencers of vaginal microbiome among asymptomatic pregnant Chinese women