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Coral reef ecosystems are impacted by climate change and human activities, such as increasing coastal development, overfishing, sewage and other pollutant discharge, and consequent eutrophication, which triggers increasing incidents of diseases and deterioration of corals worldwide. In this study, bacterial communities associated with four species of corals:  Acropora aspera ,  Acropora formosa ,  Cyphastrea  sp., and  Isopora  sp. in the healthy and disease stages with different diseases were compared using tagged 16S rRNA sequencing. In total, 59 bacterial phyla, 190 orders, and 307 genera were assigned in coral metagenomes where  Proteobacteria  and  Firmicutes  were pre-dominated followed by  Bacteroidetes  together with  Actinobacteria ,  Fusobacteria , and  Lentisphaerae  as minor taxa. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) showed separated clustering of bacterial diversity in healthy and infected groups for individual coral species.  Fusibacter  was found as the major bacterial genus across all corals. The lower number of  Fusibacter  was found in  A. aspera  infected with white band disease and  Isopora  sp. with white plaque disease, but marked increases of  Vibrio  and  Acrobacter , respectively, were observed. This was in contrast to  A. formosa  infected by a black band and  Cyphastrea  sp. infected by yellow blotch diseases which showed an increasing abundance of  Fusibacter  but a decrease in WH1-8 bacteria. Overall, infection was shown to result in disturbance in the complexity and structure of the associated bacterial microbiomes which can be relevant to the pathogenicity of the microbes associated with infected corals.

Comparative analysis of bacterial communities associated with healthy and diseased corals in the Indonesian sea