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Auxin is a plant hormone that takes part in a series of developmental and physiological processes. There are three major gene families that play a role in the early response of auxin and auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) is one of these. Although the genomic organization and function of  Aux/IAA  genes have been recognized in reference plants there have only been a few focused studies conducted with non-model crop plants, especially in the woody perennial species. We conducted a genomic census and expression analysis of  Aux/IAA  genes in the cultivated apple ( Malus  ×  domestica  Borkh.). The  Aux/IAA  gene family of the apple genome was identified and analyzed in this study. Phylogenetic analysis showed that  MdIAAs  could be categorized into nine subfamilies and that these MdIAA proteins contained four whole or partially conserved domains of the  MdIAA  family. The spatio-specific expression profiles showed that most of the  MdIAAs  were preferentially expressed in specific tissues. Some of these genes were significantly induced by treatments with one or more abiotic stresses. The overexpression of  MdIAA9  in tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum  L.) plants significantly increased their tolerance to osmotic stresses. Our cumulative data supports the interactions between abiotic stresses and plant hormones and provides a theoretical basis for the mechanism of  Aux/IAA  and drought resistance in apples.

Overexpression of MdIAA9 confers high tolerance to osmotic stress in transgenic tobacco