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Background  Pine moths,  Dendrolimus  spp. (Lasiocampidae), are serious economic pests of conifer forests. Six closely related species ( Dendrolimus punctatus ,  D. tabulaeformis ,  D. spectabilis ,  D. superans ,  D. houi , and  D. kikuchii ) occur in China and cause serious damage to coniferophyte. The complete mito genomes of  Dendrolimus  genus are significant to resolve the phylogenetic relationship and provide theoretical support in pest control.    Methods  The complete mitogenomes of three species ( D. superans ,  D. houi , and  D. kikuchii ) were sequenced based on PCR-amplified with universal primers, which were used to amplify initial fragments. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out with 78 complete mitogenomes of lepidopteran species from 10 superfamilies.    Results  The complete mitochondrial genomes of these three species were 15,417, 15,381, and 15,377 bp in length, separately. The phylogenetic analyses produced consistent results for six  Dendrolimus  species based on complete mitogenomes, two major clades were formed, one containing  D. spectabilis  clustered with  D. punctatus  +  D. tabulaeformis , and  D. superans  as the sister group to this three-taxon clade, the other containing  D. kikuchii  and  D. houi . Comparative analyses of the congeneric mitochondrial genomes were performed, which showed that non-coding regions were more variable than the A+T rich region. The mitochondrial nucleotide diversity was more variable when compared within than among genus, and the concatenated tRNA region was the most conserved and the nd6 genes was the most variable.

Mitochondrial phylogeny and comparative mitogenomics of closely related pine moth pests (Lepidoptera:Dendrolimus)