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The WRKY transcription factor family is one of the largest groups of transcription factor in plants, playing important roles in growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Many  WRKY  genes have been cloned from a variety of plant species and their functions have been analyzed. However, the studies on WRKY transcription factors in tree species under abiotic stress are still not well characterized. To understand the effects of the  WRKY  gene in response to abiotic stress, mRNA abundances of 102  WRKY  genes in  Populus simonii  ×  P. nigra  were identified by RNA sequencing under normal and salt stress conditions. The expression of 23  WRKY  genes varied remarkably, in a tissue-specific manner, under salt stress. Since the  WRKY56  was one of the genes significantly induced by NaCl treatment, its cDNA fragment containing an open reading frame from  P. simonii  ×  P. nigra  was then cloned and transferred into  Arabidopsis  using the floral dip method. Under salt stress, the transgenic  Arabidopsis  over-expressed the  WRKY56  gene, showing an increase in fresh weight, germination rate, proline content, and peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity, when compared with the wild type. In contrast, transgenic  Arabidopsis  displayed a decrease in malondialdehyde content under salt stress. Overall, these results indicated that the  WRKY56  gene played an important role in regulating salt tolerance in transgenic  Arabidopsis .

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Association of transcription factor WRKY56 gene from Populus simonii × P. nigra with salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana