English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease where both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its pathogenesis. The PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) gene have been variably associated with T2DM in several populations. This association has not been studied in the Palestinian population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between the PvuII and XbaI variants in the  ESR1  and T2DM and its related metabolic traits among Palestinian women.    Methods  This case–control study included 102 T2DM and 112 controls in which PvuII and XbaI variants of the  ESR1  gene were genotyped using amplicon based next generation sequencing (NGS).    Results  Allele frequencies of both PvuII and XbaI variants were not significantly different between patients and control subjects ( P  > 0.05). In logestic regression analysis adjusted for age and BMI, the  ESR1  PvuII variant was associated with risk of T2DM in three genotypic models ( P  < 0.025) but the strongest association was observed under over-dominant model (TT+CC vs. TC) (OR = 2.32, CI [1.18–4.55] adjusted  P  = 0.013). A similar but non-significant trend was also observed for the  ESR1  XbaI variant under the over-dominant model (AA+GG vs. AG) (OR = 2.03, CI [1.05–3.95]; adjusted  P  = 0.035). The frequencies of the four haplotypes (TA, CG, CA, TG) were not significantly different in the T2DM patients compared with control group ( P  > 0.025). Among diabetic group, an inverse trend with risk of cardio vascular diseases was shown in carriers of CG haplotype compared to those with TA haplotype (OR = 0.28, CI [0.09–0.90]; adjusted  P  = 0.035). Further, stratified analyses based on  ESR1  PvuII and XbaI genotypes revealed no evidence for association with lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL, LDL).    Conclusions  This is the first Palestinian study to conclude that  ESR1  PuvII and XbaI variants may contribute to diabetes susceptibility in Palestinian women. Identification of genetic risk markers can be used in defining high risk subjects and in prevention trials.

Estrogen receptor 1 gene polymorphisms (PvuII and XbaI) are associated with type 2 diabetes in Palestinian women