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Background  Insect neuropeptides are interesting for the potential their receptors hold as plausible targets for a novel generation of pesticides. Neuropeptide genes have been identified in a number of different species belonging to a variety of insects. Results suggest significant neuropeptide variation between different orders, but much less is known of neuropeptidome variability within an insect order. I therefore compared the neuropeptidomes of a number of Coleoptera.    Methodology  Publicly available genome sequences, transcriptomes and the original sequence data in the form of short sequence read archives were analyzed for the presence or absence of genes coding neuropeptides as well as some neuropeptide receptors in seventeen beetle species.    Results  Significant differences exist between the Coleoptera analyzed here, while many neuropeptides that were previously characterized from  Tribolium castaneum  appear very similar in all species, some are not and others are lacking in one or more species. On the other hand, leucokinin, which was presumed to be universally absent from Coleoptera, is still present in non-Polyphaga beetles.    Conclusion  The variability in neuropeptidome composition between species from the same insect order may be as large as the one that exists between species from different orders.

Coleoptera genome and transcriptome sequences reveal numerous differences in neuropeptide signaling between species