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Background  Liver cancer is a common malignancy and a significant public health problem worldwide, but diagnosis and prognostic evaluation remain challenging for clinicians. Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, and we therefore examined the diagnostic and prognostic value of a metabolic enzyme, phosphoglucomutase-like protein 5 (PGM5), in liver cancer.    Methods  All data were from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. R and related statistical packages were used for data analysis. Hepatic  PGM5  expression was determined in different groups, and the chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test were used to determine the significance of differences. The pROC package was used to determine receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the survival package was used to for survival analysis and development of a Cox multivariable model, and the ggplot2 package was used for data visualization.    Results   PGM5  expression was significantly lower in cancerous than adjacent normal liver tissues, and had modest diagnostic value based on ROC analysis and calculations of area under the curve (AUC). Hepatic  PGM5  expression had positive associations with male sex and survival, but negative associations with advanced histologic type, advanced histologic grade, advanced stage, and advanced T classification. Patents with low  PGM5  levels had poorer overall survival and relapse-free survival.  PGM5  was independently associated with patient prognosis.    Conclusion   PGM5  has potential use as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for liver cancer.

PGM5: a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for liver cancer