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Background  The X-linked tumor suppressor gene  LDOC1  is reported to be involved in oral cancer. The detection of biomarkers in salivary RNA is a non-invasive strategy for diagnosing many diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of salivary  LDOC1  as a biomarker of oral cancer.    Methods  We determined the expression levels of  LDOC1  in the saliva of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) subjects, and investigated its correlation with various clinicopathological characteristics. The expression levels of salivary  LDOC1  were detected in 53 OSCC subjects and 43 healthy controls using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. We used Fisher’s exact test to analyze the correlations between expression levels and clinicopathological characteristics.    Results  Salivary  LDOC1  was significantly upregulated in females with OSCC ( p  = 0.0072), and significantly downregulated in males with OSCC ( p  = 0.0206). Eighty-nine percent of male OSCC subjects who smoked expressed low levels of  LDOC1 . OSCC cell lines derived from male OSCC subjects expressed low levels of  LDOC1 .    Conclusions  A high level of salivary  LDOC1  expression is a biomarker of OSCC in females. A high percentage of male OSCC subjects who smoke express low levels of salivary  LDOC1 . A low level of salivary  LDOC1  expression is a biomarker of OSCC in males.

Salivary LDOC1 is a gender-difference biomarker of oral squamous cell carcinoma