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The genus  Plocamium  encompasses seaweeds that are widely distributed throughout the world’s oceans, with  Plocamium brasiliense  found along the tropical and subtropical coasts of the Western Atlantic. This wide distribution can lead to structured populations due to environmental differences (e.g., light levels or temperature), restricted gene flow, and the presence of cryptic species. Abiotic variation can also affect gene expression, which consequently leads to differences in the seaweeds protein profile. This study aimed to analyze the genetic and proteomic profiles of  P. brasiliense  sampled in two geographically distinct sites on the coastline of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil: Arraial do Cabo (P1) and Búzios (P2). The genetic profiles of macroalgal specimens from these two sites were indistinguishable as assessed by the markers  UPA / 23S ,  rbc L, and  COI-5P ; however, the protein profiles varied significantly between populations from the two sites. At both sites the ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase was the most abundant protein found in  P. brasiliense  specimens. The number of phycobiliproteins differed between both sites with the highest numbers being found at P1, possibly due to water depth. The differences in proteomic profiles of the two nearly identical populations of  P. brasiliense  suggest that environmental parameters such as light availability and desiccation might induce distinct protein expression, probably as a result of the phenotypic plasticity within this population of seaweed.

Environmental modulation of the proteomic profiles from closely phylogenetically related populations of the red seaweed Plocamium brasiliense