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Flowering time control is critically important for the reproductive accomplishment of higher plants as floral transition can be affected by both environmental and endogenous signals. Flowering Locus T-like ( FTL ) genes are major genetic determinants of flowering in plants. In rice, 13  OsFTL  genes have been annotated in the genome and amongst them,  Hd3a  ( OsFTL2 ) and  RFT1  ( OsFTL3 ) have been studied extensively and their functions are confirmed as central florigens that control rice flowering under short day and long day environment, respectively. In this report, a rice  OsFTL  gene,  OsFTL10 , was characterized, and its function on flowering and abiotic stress was investigated. The expression level of  OsFTL10  was high in young seedlings and shown to be induced by GA 3  and drought stress. Overexpression of  OsFTL10  resulted in earlier flowering in rice plants by up to 2 weeks, through up-regulation of the downstream gene  OsMADS15 .  OsFTL10  also regulated  Ehd1  and  OsMADS51  through a feedback mechanism. The OsFTL10 protein was also detected in both nucleus and cytoplasm. Furthermore, yeast two hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) results show that OsFTL10 could interact with multiple 14-3-3s, suggesting that OsFTL10 might function in a similar way to Hd3a in promoting rice flowering by forming a FAC complex with 14-3-3, and OsFD1. Further experiments revealed that constitutive expression of  OsFTL10  improved the drought tolerance of transgenic plants by stimulating the expression of drought responsive genes. These results suggest that rice  FTL  genes might function in flowering promotion and responses to environmental signals.

Overexpression of OsFTL10 induces early flowering and improves drought tolerance in Oryza sativa L.