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The reported  Agrobacterium radiobacter  DSM 30174 T  genome is highly fragmented, hindering robust comparative genomics and genome-based taxonomic analysis. We re-sequenced the  Agrobacterium radiobacter  type strain, generating a dramatically improved genome with high contiguity. In addition, we sequenced the genome of  Agrobacterium tumefaciens  B6 T , enabling for the first time, a proper comparative genomics of these contentious  Agrobacterium  species. We provide concrete evidence that the previously reported  Agrobacterium radiobacter  type strain genome (Accession Number:  ASXY01 ) is contaminated which explains its abnormally large genome size and fragmented assembly. We propose that  Agrobacterium tumefaciens  be reclassified as  Agrobacterium radiobacter  subsp.  tumefaciens  and that  Agrobacterium radiobacter  retains it species status with the proposed name of  Agrobacterium radiobacter  subsp.  radiobacter . This proposal is based, first on the high pairwise genome-scale average nucleotide identity supporting the amalgamation of both  Agrobacterium radiobacter  and  Agrobacterium tumefaciens  into a single species. Second, maximum likelihood tree construction based on the concatenated alignment of shared genes (core genes) among related strains indicates that  Agrobacterium radiobacter  NCPPB3001 is sufficiently divergent from  Agrobacterium tumefaciens  to propose two independent sub-clades. Third,  Agrobacterium tumefaciens  demonstrates the genomic potential to synthesize the L configuration of fucose in its lipid polysaccharide, fostering its ability to colonize plant cells more effectively than  Agrobacterium radiobacter.

Improved genome ofAgrobacterium radiobactertype strain provides new taxonomic insight intoAgrobacteriumgenomospecies 4