Association of TIMP4 gene variants with steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in the population of northern China

Background In clinical treatment, the use of steroid hormones is an important etiological factor of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) risk. As an endogenous inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the extracellular matrix, the expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloprotease-4 (TIMP4) plays an essential role in cartilage and bone tissue damage and remodeling, vasculitis formation, intravascular thrombosis, and lipid metabolism. Methods This study aimed to detect the association between TIMP4 polymorphism and steroid-induced ONFH. We genotyped seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TIMP4 genes and analyzed the association with steroid-induced ONFH from 286 steroid-induced ONFH patients and 309 normal individuals. Results We performed allelic model analysis and found that the minor alleles of five SNPs ( rs99365 , rs308952 , rs3817004 , rs2279750 , and rs3755724 ) were associated with decreased steroid-induced ONFH ( p  = 0.02, p  = 0.03, p  = 0.04, p  = 0.01, p  = 0.04, respectively). rs2279750 showed a significant association with decreased risk of steroid-induced ONFH in the Dominant and Log-additive models ( p  = 0.042, p  = 0.028, respectively), and rs9935 , rs30892 , and rs3817004 were associated with decreased risk in the Log-additive model ( p  = 0.038, p  = 0.044, p  = 0.042, respectively). In further stratification analysis, TIMP4 gene variants showed a significant association with steroid-induced ONFH in gender under the genotypes. Haplotype analysis also revealed that “TCAGAC” and “CCGGAA” sequences have protective effect on steroid-induced ONFH. Conclusion Our results indicate that five TIMP4 SNPs ( rs99365 , rs308952 , rs3817004 rs2279750 , and rs3755724 ) are significantly associated with decreased risk of steroid-induced ONFH in the population of northern China.