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Working memory impairment is a common cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI), which severely affects the quality of life of patients. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter which is closely related to cognitive functions. In addition, epigenetic modifications are also related to cognitive functions. A neurorehabilitation strategy, enriched environment (EE) intervention, has been widely used to improve cognitive impairment. However, studies of the mechanism of EE on cholinergic system and epigenetic modifications in mouse with TBI have not been reported yet. In this paper, a mouse model with traumatic frontal lobe injury was established, and the mechanism on EE for the mice with TBI was explored. It was found that EE could improve Y-maze performance of mice with TBI, the function of cholinergic system, and the imbalance of acetylation homeostasis in the prefrontal cortex of contralateral side of TBI. In addition, EE also could increase the level of CREB binding protein and histones H3 acetylation at ChAT gene promoter region in the prefrontal cortex of contralateral side of TBI. These indicate that EE has an important effect on the improvement of working memory impairment and the underlying mechanism may involve in histones H3 acetylation at ChAT gene promoter regions in the prefrontal cortex.

Enriched environment improves working memory impairment of mice with traumatic brain injury by enhancing histone acetylation in the prefrontal cortex