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There is little evidence on maternal consumption of supplementary food on nutritional status of children. The objectives of this study were to measure the prevalence and determinants of supplementary food intake during pregnancy and lactation, and their association with nutritional status of under-five children in Timor Leste.    Methods  Cross-sectional data from Timor Leste Demographic and Health Survey on 5,993 mother (15–49 years) child dyads (<5 years) were included in the analysis. Self-reported intake of supplementary food intake was the explanatory variable. Child’s nutritional status was assessed by stunting, wasting, and underweight and categorized according to WHO recommendations.    Results  The prevalence of taking supplementary food during pregnancy and lactation was, respectively, 29.1% (95% CI [27.2–31.0]) 31.0% (95% CI [29.1–33.0]), and that of taking iron supplement during pregnancy was close to three-fifths (63.1%, 95% CI [60.9–65.3]). The odds of taking supplementary food during pregnancy and lactation were lower among those in the younger age groups and higher among urban residents. Compared with mothers who had supplementary food during pregnancy and lactation, those did not have had respectively 1.36 (OR = 1.360, 95% CI [1.191–2.072]) and 1.15 times (OR = 1.152, 95% CI [1.019–1.754]) higher odds of having stunted, and 1.30 (OR = 1.307, 95% CI [1.108–1.853]) and 1.43 (OR = 1.426, 95% CI [1.140–1.863]) times higher odds of having underweight children. Those who had none of the supplements had respectively 1.67 (OR = 1.674, 95% CI [1.118–2.087]) and 1.63 (OR = 1.631, 95% CI [1.130–2.144]) times higher odds of having stunted and underweight children.    Conclusion  A great majority of the mothers in Timor Leste are not taking supplementary food during pregnancy and lactation. We found a positive relationship between supplementary food intake during pregnancy and lactation with stunting and wasting among under-five children.

Intake of supplementary food during pregnancy and lactation and its association with child nutrition in Timor Leste